burnap



(No M0681.) 2 sheets-sheet 1.

G. P.' BURNAP.

REPLEGTOR AND MEANS POR SUPPGRTING THE SAME.

No. 251,522. Patented Deo. 27,1881.

` (No Model.)

2 Sheets-sneen 2.

0.1'. BURNAP.

RBPLBGTOR AND MEANS FOR SUPPORTING THB SAME. No. 251,522. Patented Deo. 27.1881.

Ilhvrrnn STATES PATENT Orrrcr. I

CHARLES F. BURNAP, OF ALLEGHENY, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THOMAS F. BAILEY AND DAVID G. MOON, BOTH OF SAME PLACE.

REFLECTOR AND MEANS FOR SUPPORTING THE SAME.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 251,522, dated December 2'7, 1881.

Application filed October 17, 1881. (No model.)

concise, and exact description thereof, refer` ence being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in whichlike letters indicating; like parts- Figure 1 is a view in sectional elevation of my improved reflector and mechanism for snpporting the same with a chandelier. Fig.-2 is a view in elevation of a detached portion of the reflector looking inward toward the center, the outer rim or shell being broken away; and Fig. 4 is a similar view of the same part ot' the reector, with both the outer rim and outer circle or row of reflecting-plates sectioned or broken away. Fig. 3 is a like view of the reiiector,look ing from the center outward, the inner rim or band being partially broken away. Fig. 5 is a bottom view, or a view looking from the bottom upward, of the inner pyramidal reflector. Fig. 6, Sheet 2, is a perspective view looking upward, drawn to an enlarged scale, of the inner and outer reflectors; and Fig. 7 is a detached view, partially broken away, of the counter-weight hereinafter described.

In lighting dwellings and public halls by artiicial means it is desirable in many instances to do so by means of one or more chandeliers .centrally arranged, and from such center or centers of light reflect or direct the light-rays as equally as possible to all parts ofthe room or hall, and also to illuminate any and all points by rays coming thereto from different directions in order to avoid shadows from objects in the room and approximately secure the advantages of diffused light.

Myinvention hasin view the securin g of such advantages by means of a reflector having reliecting-surfaces arranged with relation to each other, as hereinafter described, whereby the light is directed not only in various directions uniformly, but also to given points from different directions; and my invention also consists in part in the arrangement and combination of the lamp and reflector supporting mechanism, whereby my improved reflector may be made of requisite size for use in large halls with large chandeliers, and enable or permit the chandelier to be moved up or down without movement of the main or larger part of the reiiector.

In the drawings, A represents a lamp-chandelier consisting of a central oil-reservoir, a, having lling-hole a', radial tubular supports a2, burners a3, and chimneys a4. These burners or lamps may be of any desired form, construction, and number, that shown being designed for four burners, two being out olf by the section. Such lamps are supported centrally by a rod, B, which is secured to the reservoir a, and extends upward nearly the height of the chimneys a4.

Fixed to the upper end of rod B isa spiderplate, B', having three radial ears or lugs, b b b. From the outer extremities of these ears or lugs guide and supporting rods C G G extend upward, passing through suitable guideholes in a dish-shaped hub, E. f The length of rods G is equal to or a little in excess of the vertical movement which it is desired to give to the chandelier. At their upper ends are formed eyes o, for purposes presently described.

In putting: the rods in place they are, by preference, passed downward through the hub E and screwed into tapped holes in their respective lugs b. In the tapped center of hub E is screwed the lower end of suspension-rod D. This rod is extended above the guide-rods C, and is provided at its upper end with an eye, d, for convenience of attachment. Near the upper end of this'rod, above the rods C, is secured a sleeve, H, having three radial arms, h, corresponding to the number and position of rods G and lugs b. In the outer extremities of arms hare journaled pulleys or rollers t, over which are passed chains or equivalent cords O. The inner end of each chain is secured in the eye c of its adjacent guide-rod C, while the outer end is carried downward in the plane of its rod and pulley, and is secured to a counterweight, F, by staples f. The length of chains C is a little in excess ofthe vertical movement given to or provided for the chandelier.

The weight F is, by preference, made of annular form, having an outer metallic shell lled IOO or partially filled with sand, as illustrated in detached view, Fig. 7, whereby the weight is made self-balancing, or substantially of equal heft at the three points of attachment. The weight or heft F is a little in excess of that of the chandelier and its attachments.

The redector proper is made in two parts, R S, the outer and larger part, S, being xed in position and supported on the hub E, as hereinafter described, and the inner or smaller part, R, being movable with the chandelier. This inner part is constructed and supported as follows:

A polygonal band or rimhR', a little less in diameter than a circle inscribed within the chimneys a4, is supported by radial rods or braces r, secured to plate B' and to the band R in any convenient way. A sheet-metal tube, R2, is slipped tightly onto the hub b' of plate B', and is extended downward to a flanged or cup-shaped sleeve, G, which latter is secured in any convenient way to rod B, as by set-screw g', or by an equivalent pin, or by soldering.

T-shaped ribs r' are secured by solder or otherwise to the lower edge ofband R at its angles, and also to the lower end of tube R2, thus forming triangular spaces between the several ribs, in which are placed reflectingplates t' of glass or polished metal. These plates t are supported by the flanges r2 ofthe Tribs. (See Fig. 5.) I prefer to use corrugated glass plates t', such las are commonly used for this purpose, and they are protected on the back by similarly-shaped plates, I, of card or paper board, and by a coating of shellac.

vMetal strips i are soldered at one end to the inner face of band, R', which strips are bent inward and downward, as in Fig. 1, to hold the plates t' and I in place. The apex of the pyramid thus formed rests in the cup or flange g of the sleeve G. 'Ihe number of sides or facets in this pyramid may be varied at pleasure, depending upon the number of sides in the polygonal band R', and they are inclined outward from the rod B, by preference, about forty-five degrees, though this inclination will of course be varied somewhat with chandeliers of diiferent sizes. 'Ihe pyramidal reflector Athus formed is light and adds but little to the heft of the chandelier with which it is connected and moves.

The outer part, S, of the reflector is constructed with two rows or annuli of reflecting facets or plates, one, s s, being inclined upward from the sides of the pyramid R and forming an obtuse angle therewith, and the other, s' s', being inclined downward from the plates s s, the angle between the two rows being, by preference, in excess of a right angle. These two rows of reflecting-plates are supported in a frame-work constructed as follows:

Between an inner band, N, and an outer rim, N', are secured by solder or otherwise radial ribs n n'. These ribs have a T form in crosssection, the flanges n3 of the T being downward. In the direction of their length they correspond on their flanged or under edges to the slope or inclination of the plates s s', which they-support-that is, the under edge of partn slopes upward and outward, and the under edge of part a' slopes downward and outward.

The parts u n' may be made in one piece or in separate pieces, and connected together at the angle a2 in any convenient way.

The reflecting -plates s s are laid upon the flanges n3, between the ribs, as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the plates s being between the angle n2 and inner band, N, and supported by the ribs a, and the plates s' being between angle nz'and outer rim, N', and supported by ribs n'. The plates s s are protected on the bach by card or paper boards s2 and a coating of shellae, and they may be secured by anglepieces s3, or by cement placed on the upper faces of boards s2. Any desired form, finish, and ornamentation may be given to the outer rim, N', as may be preferred. This part S of the reflector is supported by radial rods Iw, in any desired number, which are fastened to the rim of hub E by nuts tu', or otherwise, and extending outward are soldered or otherwise secured to rim I near its upper edge; also, for greater security these rods may passA through or be secured to the band N. The diameter of this inner band, N, is a little in excess of a circle circumscribed about the lamp-chimneys a4, leaving sutlicient space between the bands N and R' for the tops of the chimneys to enter when the chandelier is raised as in Fig. l.

The lengths of reflecting-plates s s may be increased or diminished for different sizes of reflectors, thereby affording a greater or less reliecting-surface, as the requirements of each case may demand.

It will be observed that by the arrangement of the plates s s the part S of the reflector has substantially a polygonal form, its sides orfacets s s' corresponding in number and arrangement with the faces or sides t' of the inner pyramid, R.

The plates s s may be of glass or metal, and they are, by preference, corrugated, as is customaryin reectors of this class.

It will also be observed that by the combination of the downwardly-slopin g facets or plates s with the facets t' and s, sloping upwardly at different angles to the centers of light, the rays from such lights will not only be redected by each facet separately to different parts of the room, but also the facets s will interrupt and re.- retlect many rays from both the facets, t' and s, receiving and reiiecting them in many different ways or directions.

By the use of such a combination of reflecting-surfaces with one or more centers of light, rooms may be lighted uniformly from a single chandelier, and, also, the rays be so directed as largely to obviate the evil of shadows from objects in the room.

The relative angles between the faces t' s s' may of course be varied somewhat, as the size and height of room and other conditions of use may suggest. The part S of the reector, being supported from the stationary hub E, will IOO IOS

IIO

also be stationary, while the part R, being supported on the rod B, will movewith it as the chandelier is moved up or down.

As before described, these movable parts are counterbalaneed by weight F, and the adjustment of chains C and rods C is such that when the counter-weight rests on the back ofreect'or S the reflector R and chandelier A shall be substantially in position with relation to reflector S as shown in Fig. 1. As thus suspended the reector is much better protected as against danger of injury than if the whole were movable with the chandelier, as is usually the case, and also the weight of the main body S of the relector is taken oft the movable parts. The guide-rods C also afford protection to the cha-ndelier and reflector R. lf, for example, one or two of the chains O should break, the remaining one holding, the rods would prevent dangerous tipping or rapid falling of these parts; or if all the chains should give way, the eyes c in the rods would arrest the falling parts when they came against the hub E.

My improved reflector may be applied no't only to lamp-chandeliers, as shown, but also to gas-chandeliers, and to other kinds of artificial lights.

I claim herein as my invention- 1. A reflector for artificial lights, having in combination a pyramidal reflector, R, the apex of such pyramid being downward, a circle of reecting-plates, s, arranged above and surrounding retlectorR, such plates beinginclined upward and outward, forming obtuse angles `With the sides of R, and a circle of reflecting,-

plates,s', surrounding plates s and inclined downward and outward therefrom, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. In combination with a vertically-movable chandelier, a pyramidal relector, R, arranged over and within the circle of lights, the apex of such pyramid being downward, the same being attached to and movable with the chandelier, and an annular reflector, S, arranged l around the circle of lights and above pyramid R, such reilector S being fixed orstationary in position, and having on its under face two circles of reflecting-plates, s s', inclined to each other and to the sides of reflector R, substantially as shown and described.

3. The combination of chandelier A, rod B, having spider-plate B attached to its upper end, pyramidal reflector R, secured to the plate and rod and removable therewith, suspensionrod D, having hub E secured` at its lower end and pulley-bracket H at its upper end, reilector S, xed to and supported by hub E, guide-rods C, chains C', and weight F, such chains being secured at one end to the weight and at the other end to their adjacent guide-rods, substantially as set forth.

4. The annular reflector S, having in combination inner band, N, outer rim, N', angleribs fn n', bavingT form in cross-section, two circles or ann uli of reectin gfacets,s s', inclined to cach other as described, and means for hold- -ing the facets in place between the ribs, sub- GHAS. F. BURNAP.

Witnesses:

RH. WHITTLESEY, C. L. PARKER. 

